SouthAfrica-Madi

=South Africa = Madi

[|Population Pyramid]
 * Crude Birth Rate-** 20.23 births/1,000 population
 * Crude Death Rate-**16.94 deaths/1,000 population
 * Rate of Natural Increase**-1.3/1,000 population
 * Infant Mortality Rate**-45.11 deaths/1,000 live births
 * Life Expectancy**-48.89 years
 * GNI PPP per capita-**5,390
 * Stage of Demographic Transition**-Stage Three

__**Net Immigration**__
-0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population

**__Refugee Data__**
144,700 refugees

__Immigration__
Recently, the government in South Africa has taken a stronger stand on border control for the nation. Security Minister Nqakula recently announced that South Africa would be using satelites, airplanes, helicopters, and other forms of birds eye security to control the border. Nqakula said that, "Advanced technology will be deployed to enhance border control. Such measures include the deployment of a new satellite system to be used for border and air surveillance." Such drastic measures have to be taken by the government to enforce the border and avoid illegal immigration. Do you think that this system will prove to be effective in controlling South Africa's border?

__Folk Culture__
http://boegels.wordpress.com/2008/01/31/afrikaner-culture-volkspele/ -This site explains a traditional South African folk dance called Volkpele. Volkpele literally means "folk games", but is a form of folk dance. Volkspele originated in the early 20th century and the traditional dress worn during the dance is called Voortrekkers. Different groups and tribes in South Africa get together in a saamtrekke to perform the dance and to sing songs. http://www.marques.co.za/clients/zulu/ -This site explains the beadwork of this Zulu, which are an indigenous tribe in South Africa Zulu beadwork, often inspired by poems and visual art, is a symbolic form of art. The colors and the organization of the beads each help to represent different symbols such as marital status. The Zulu beadwork is more than just a form of art, but also a way of communicating. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vABd7Ywx4U8 This is a video showing part of a traditional Volkpele dance.

By: Charles Fred This picture shows traditional bead work of the Zulu.

__Language__ The most popular languages spoken in South Africa include Afrikaans, English, Swahili, Zulu, and almost thirty other tribal and regional languages. Afrikaans, one of the most popular languages in South Africa, is a variant of Dutch spoken by 17th century colonists, with some influence from the Bantu languages and other European languages. Zulu, another very common language, has diffused to many of the countries that surround South Africa, including Mozambique, Malaw, and Botswana. Afrikaans. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0CE5DA1631F93BA15755C0A963958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all This article is from the New York Times about protecting Afrikaans as one of the official languages of the nation. It is estimated that 6.45 million speak Afrikaans as their first language in South Africa. Also, due to emigration from South Africa, over 100,000 people living in the UK speak Afrikaans.

__Religion__ Many religions are prevalent in South Africa including the following: Christianity (73.52%) Traditional ethnic religion (15%) Non-religious/other (8.08%) Islam (1.45%) Hinduism (1.25%) Bahá'í Faith (0.5%) Judaism (0.17%) Buddhism/Chinese folk religion (0.03%)

Christianity came to South Africa with Dutch and British settlers who spread the religion across the country. Islam came to South Africa with the Cape Malay slaves of the Dutch settlers. Islam came with the indentured servants from India, and Buddhism was introduced by immigrants. Bahá'í was introduced by many immigrants in the early twentieth century and Judaism came with many astronomers and cartogrophers in the 15th century. However, Many traditional ethnic religions, such as Khoisian and Bantu religions, predate many of these religions that were brought to South Africa.

During the apartheid, many Churches promoted racism causing conflict. Other than this, however, there has been very little religious conflict in South Africa.

__Ethnicity__
The largest ethnic groups living in South Africa include the Zulu, Xhosa, Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, Tswana, Shangana-Tsongo, and Swazi. Between 50 and 60% of the whites living in South Africa are of Dutch or German descent and most of the remaining whites are of English descent. There are also Asians living in South Africa of Indian, East Indian, and Chinese descent.

Ethnicity reference: __http://countrystudies.us/south-africa/45.htm__

__Economic Indicators__
**Gross Domestic Product** $254,991,600,000.00
 * HDI** .674
 * GDP per capita** $9,700

__Social Indicators__

 * Literacy Rate** 86.4%

__Demographic Indicators__
http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/eco_gdp-economy-gdp-nominal
 * Crude Birth Rate** 20.23 births/1,000 population
 * Rate of Natural Increase** 1.3/1,000 population
 * Infant Mortality Rate** 45.11 deaths/1,000 live births
 * Life Expectancy** 48.89 years

Agriculture
South Africa has a dual agriculture system with both commercial farming and subsistence-based production in rural areas. The seven climatic regions of South Africa and the many ports allow for a very diverse range of marine and agricultural products. The crops range from grain, wool, livestock, and citrus and sub-tropical fruits. South Africa is self-sufficient in many agricultural products and a net food exporter. South Africa is one of the world's top exporters in avocados, grapefruits, tangerines, plums, pears, grapes, and ostrich products. http://www.southafrica.info/business/economy/sectors/agricultural-sector.htm According to the map in our book, South Africa practices livestock ranching, produces Mediterranean products, and practices intensive subsistence agriculture where wet rice is not dominant., commercial gardening, mixed crop farming, dairy and plantation farming.

Industry
South Africa's major industries include mining, automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textile productions, iron and steel productions, chemical manufacturing, fertilizer manufacturing, and commercial ship repair. South Africa is one of the world's leading producers of platinum, gold, and chromium.

=Service= Today, many service industries in South Africa have trouble competing with the dramatic shift from the traditional ways of economy to a more technology centered economy. South Africa's health system consists of a large public sector and a smaller but fast-growing private sector. Health care varies from the most basic primary health care, offered free by the state, to highly specialized health services available in the private sector for those who can and are willing to afford it. The number of private clinics is continuing to grow over the years. Education services in South Africa are both private and public. Nearly 400,000 teachers are employed in the education sector of the South African economy. Also, leisure and hospitality services are a large percentage of the services in South Africa because of the high influx of tourists to the beautiful landscape since the end of the Apartheid in the 1990s.

[] http://www.southafrica.info/business/economy/sectors/tourism-overview.htm

Urban Patterns
The total urban population in South Africa is 58% of the total population. The slum to urban population is 33%. The UN Habitat has implemented a program in which the overall objective of the program is to assist the Government to implement the national Local Government Transformation Program launched in early 1999 by the Department of Constitutional Development.

Global Footprint
The ecological footprint in 2005 for South Africa was 98.7 millions of global hectares. Each person on average uses 2 to 3 global hectares.

=South Africa= http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/trends/southafrica/

__References__
http://allafrica.com/stories/200808260016.html http://www.refugees.org/article.aspx?id=2114 http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/imm_net_mig_rat-immigration-net-migration-rate [|Flickr Creative Commons]